A concerning rise in whooping cough (pertussis) cases has been reported in Louisiana, resulting in two tragic infant fatalities within the past six months. These deaths mark the first such occurrences in the state since 2018, as stated by the state’s surgeon general.

As of this year, Louisiana has recorded 110 cases of whooping cough, a significant increase compared to 154 cases reported for the entirety of the previous year. This surge mirrors a national trend where cases of whooping cough have escalated dramatically following a period of decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the United States witnessed approximately 35,000 cases, the highest annual total since 2012.

Factors Contributing to the Rise

A potential catalyst for this increase might stem from declining vaccination rates among children in Louisiana. Earlier this year, the state health department announced it would halt its promotional efforts for vaccination, a move that may correlate with rising cases of other vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, seen in Texas and nearby states.

Understanding Whooping Cough

Whooping cough, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection. The disease can lead to severe coughing fits and its symptoms can persist for several months. When the bacteria infect the lungs, they attach to tiny hair-like structures called cilia, releasing toxins that disrupt normal respiratory function.

Symptoms and Risks

Initial symptoms of whooping cough resemble those of a common cold, often followed by severe coughing episodes. These episodes can last from one to six weeks, and sometimes even longer. A distinctive feature of the cough is the “whooping” sound made when gasping for air between fits. This illness poses significant risks for infants and young children, who may exhibit little to no coughing while struggling to breathe. Statistically, one in three infants infected with whooping cough will require hospitalization, and approximately one in every 100 hospitalized infants may succumb to the disease.

Prevention and Treatment Strategies

Vaccination remains a key strategy in preventing serious cases of whooping cough. In the United States, two vaccines are utilized: DTaP for infants and young children, and Tdap for older children and adults, including pregnant individuals. The CDC advises a vaccination schedule starting at two months of age, followed by additional doses at specified intervals through childhood.

For adults, routine vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus, inclusive of pertussis protection if Tdap is administered, is recommended every ten years. Pregnant women are encouraged to receive the Tdap vaccine during the third trimester to offer their newborns some degree of protection before birth.

While early antibiotic treatment can be effective, its success decreases after three weeks of infection. Once the coughing fits develop, antibiotics are less likely to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to ensure airway management and provide supportive care.